博落回中季铵类苯并啡啶类生物碱的提取及其硫酸氢盐的抗菌活性和急性毒性

Extraction of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids(QBAs)from Macleaya cordata and antibacterial activity, acute toxicity of the QBAs bisulfate

采用酸提碱沉的方法,从博落回中提取并制备了苯并啡啶类生物碱(QBAs)——血根碱(sanguinarine)和白屈菜红碱(chelerythrine)的硫酸氢盐;采用高效液相色谱法测定了2种生物碱的含量;初步测定了其硫酸氢盐对几种常见病原菌的抗菌活性,并对其急性毒性进行了研究。结果表明:所制备的QBAs硫酸氢盐中血根碱和白屈菜红碱的质量分数均在60%以上。生物测定结果表明,该生物碱的硫酸氢盐对葡萄叶斑病菌Cercospora viticola、葡萄黑豆病菌Elsinoe ampelina、葡萄炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、葡萄褐斑病菌Cercospora viticola、稻瘟病菌Pvricularia oryzae、小麦赤霉病菌G ibberella zeae和辣椒疫霉Phytophythora capsici均具有较强的抑制作用,EC50值在3.35～10.08μg/mL之间。其急性毒性属低毒,对皮肤有弱致敏性,但对眼睛有重度刺激性。博落回中QBAs硫酸氢盐制备方法稳定,具有较强的抗菌活性,可考虑开发成低毒、环境友好型植物源杀菌剂。

To develop low toxicity and environment-friendly botanical fungicide, the quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids （QBAs） was prepared with the method of acid extraction and alkali sink; the contents of sanguinarine and chelerythrine alkaloids in the QBAs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Antibacterial activity of QBAs bisulfate was tested by mycelium growth rate method and pot growing method. The acute toxicity of QBAs bisulfate was tested. The results showed that, the mass fraction of sanguinarine and chelerythrine was more than 60% in the QBAs. The QBAs bisulfate displayed strong inhibition effects on Cercospora viticola, Elsinoe ampelina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cercospora viticola, Pyricularia oryzae, Gibberella zeae and Phytophythora capsici. The EC50 values were 3.35 - 10.08 μg/mL. The QBAs bisulfate showed low toxicity in acute oral, acute inhalation and acute dermal toxicity tests, no stimulating effect on the skin but weak sensitization and severe irritation to the eyes. In conclusion, the preparation method of QBAs from M. cordata is stable and reliable, and QBAs bisulfate exhibited strong antibacterial activity and low acute toxicity.