职业决策困难研究述评

A Review of Career Decision-Making Difficulties

职业决策困难是指个人在职业决策过程中所遇到的各种难题,其一直是生涯心理学当中一个非常重要的研究主题。它会以两种方式影响职业决策结果:一是,导致个体无法做出决定;二是,导致个体做出劣质决定。本文回顾了1980～2012年国内外相关研究,对职业决策困难的概念界定、亚类型、结构、测量工具、影响因素和干预措施进行了系统梳理。在此基础上,对未来研究方向进行了展望,指出未来研究需要进一步清晰界定职业决策困难的内涵和外延、对维度构成达成共识、深入探索形成机制以及加强定制化干预研究。

The construct of Career decision-making difficulties was defined as the problems individuals would encounter in making their career decision. Career decision-making difficulties could affect the individual＇s decision outcome in one of two possible ways： a） preventing the individual from making a decision; or b） leading to a less optimal decision. Career decision-making difficulties have been one of central research topics in career psychology. In present study, we reviewed the studies on career decision-making difficulties published during the period of 1980-2012, and presented the findings and issues in concept, typology, measurement, antecedents and intervention. Further, we suggested the directions for the future studies in this field： a） clearly defining the connotation and extension; b） reaching a consensus on the dimension; c） penetrating the mechanism; and d） strengthening the research on tailoring intervention of career decision-making difficulties.