俄罗斯所有制结构演变及近期私有化进展

Russia’s0wnership Structure Changes and Progress of Recent Privatization

自20世纪90年代,俄罗斯开始实行大规模私有化,经过多年的发展,俄罗斯的所有制结构已经发生巨大的变化。俄私有化演变过程包括四个阶段,第一阶段计划经济体制的所有制格局被彻底打破,国有经济的绝对统治地位被推翻;第二阶段俄罗斯实行了"货币私有化",国有经济降至相当低的水平;第三阶段大规模的私有化运动结束,私有化进程以"个案"形式继续进行;第四阶段私有化进程放缓,但国家加大了对经济中重要行业和部门的控制。现阶段的私有化无论从目标、性质、规模和执行情况看,均无法与20世纪90年代的大规模私有化相提并论,目前的私有化仍然是个案私有化的延续,是在已形成的混合所有制结构的基础上进行的微调,对俄罗斯的所有制结构并没有产生实质性的影响。

@@@@Since the 1990s of the 20th century, Russia has started to carry out a large scale of privatization. Russia’s ownership structure has changed tremendously through many-year development. The process of its privatization variation includes four period: in the first period, the ownership structure of the planned economic system was thoroughly broken up and the absolute control position of state-owned economy was overthrew; in the second period, Russia carried out a“monetary privatization”and the state-owned economy declined to a very low level;in the third period, a large scale of privatization was over and the process of privatization continued in terms of individual cases;in the forth period, the process of privatization became slow, but the state strengthened its control over the important lines of business and sectors. The present privatization cannot compare favorably with the large-scale privatization of the 90s of the 20th century either in goal, nature, scale or in implementation and the present privatization is still a continuance of individual case privatization and a fine tuning on the basis of the formed structure of mixed ownership, which does not bring about a practical influence on Russia’s ownership structure.