试谈对法律责任适用中竞合问题的处理

On Concurrence of Liabilities and Means of Settlement

《森林法》是我国林业建设的基本法 ,它既是一部护林法 ,又是一部兴林法 ,保护森林资源是森林法的宗旨。但现实中破坏森林资源的行为时有发生 ,我国《森林法》专章规定了对违反森林法规定的行为所应承担的法律后果。违反森林法律规范是产生法律责任的前提 ,法律制裁则是法律责任的必然后果。根据违反森林法律规范行为的性质和程度不同 ,森林法中的法律责任主要分为刑事责任和行政责任。责任种类差别决定执行处罚的机关不同 ,而不同机关对违法行为处罚所适用的程序法和实体法也不同 ,因此各种责任在适用中会出现竞合情况。正确处理好各种责任之间的衔接 ,首先要区分违反森林法律规范的性质 ,即是一般违法行为还是犯罪 ,这是处理行政责任和刑事责任适用衔接的前提和基础。

The Forestry Law is the basic law governing the development of forest in China. The main purpose of this law is to protect forest resources. As forests are frequently destroyed by human acts, there is a special chapter in the Forestry Law which provides the legal liabilities for violation of this law. The prerequisite to the legal liabilities is violation of the Forestry Law and the legal liabilities result in legal sanctions. The major legal liabilities stipulated by the Forestry Law are criminal liability and administrative liability depending on the nature and gravity of the illegal acts. Different liabilities require different government organizations to impose legal sanctions and different organizations apply different procedural and substantive law, which may bring about the concurrence of legal liabilities. The basis and prerequisite of application and link-up of criminal liability and administrative liability is contingent on the nature of breach of the Forestry Law, i.e. ordinary illegal acts or crimes.