田间昆虫的取样调查技术

Sampling techniques of insects in the field

田间昆虫取样调查技术直接关系到昆虫种群数量估计以及预测预报的准确性。田间取样调查结果的有效性由调查时抽样方法、抽样数和样本采集方法选取的科学合理性所决定。抽样方法有随机抽样、分层抽样、多重抽样、选择性抽样和顺序抽样。抽样方法的选择需根据昆虫种群的空间分布及作物类型而定。抽样数的多少由要求的调查结果的准确程度及调查种群数量的变异程度所决定。现有的昆虫样本的采集方法较多,主要有直接目测法、振落法、扫网法、吸虫器法和诱集法等。样本采集方法的选择要遵循"调查结果准确、操作简单方便和工作量小"的原则。总之,田间昆虫种群的取样调查,既要保证调查结果的准确性,也要保证调查时间和花费的经济性。

The precision of estimating population size and forecasting the occurrence of insects is strongly determined by sampling techniques. A scientific and efficacious sampling program must consider three aspects： sampling design, sample size, and sampling method. There are many sampling designs, such as random sampling, stratified random sampling, multistage sampling, adaptive sampling, and systematic sampling, and the factors that determine which is suitable are population distribution pattern and crop species. The sample size is determined by the desired error and standard deviation or coefficient of variance. Sampling methods such as direct observation, portable suction devices, sweep nets, beating trays, and trapping methods are all used frequently. A suitable sampling method can be selected according to the criteria of precision, simplicity, and ease of application. In summary, the development of a sampling technique for insects in the field must consider not only precision, but also saving time and money.