河南济源马铁菊头蝠不同越冬期肠道寄生蠕虫群落比较

Comparison of Intestinal Helminth Communities from the Bat Rhinolophus ferrmequinum during Different Hibernation Periods in Jiyuan City,Henan Province,China

2005～2006年和2006～2007年冬季分别对济源市人工隧道马铁菊头蝠(Rhinolophusferrmequinum)越冬群消化道寄生蠕虫进行了调查并对其寄生蠕虫群落进行比较。结果显示,济源市人工隧道马铁菊头蝠越冬期消化道寄生蠕虫共有5种,2种吸虫,即济源中孔吸虫(Mesotretes jiyuanensis)和朝鲜斜睾吸虫(Plagiorchis koreanus),2种绦虫,即垦丁蝙蝠绦虫(Vampirolepis kengtingensis)和东北蝙蝠绦虫(V.toohokuensis),1种线虫,即比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫(Strongylacantha pretoriensis)。2006～2007年越冬期缺少了垦丁蝙蝠绦虫。2005～2006年越冬期总感染率为94.74%,吸虫和线虫的感染率分别为73.68%和63.18%,2006～2007年总感染率为91.30%,吸虫和线虫的感染率分别为78.26%和65.22%。两个越冬群感染平均强度和平均密度比较高的是济源中孔吸虫和比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫,优势种以济源中孔吸虫和比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫为主;所感染蝙蝠体内寄生2种蠕虫的蝙蝠个体在两个冬眠群中占蝙蝠总数的比例都比较高(约50%以上);虫体数量在30条以内的蝙蝠个体约占蝙蝠感染总数的75%以上。数量较多的朝鲜斜睾吸虫、济源中孔吸虫和比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫在越冬群马铁菊头蝠消化道内彼此间没有明显的协同或排斥作用,这3种寄生蠕虫的寄生事件应该是相互独立的。结果表明,济源市人工隧道越冬马铁菊头蝠群消化道寄生蠕虫感染率比较高,不同年度冬眠期消化道内寄生蠕虫除朝鲜斜睾吸虫的平均强度和平均密度差异显著之外,相同种类之间几乎没有差异,冬眠期蝙蝠寄生蠕虫的群落结构几乎没有变化。

Intestinal helminthes and comparison of intestinal helminth communities were investigated from the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum during the hibernation period of 2005 - 2006 year and 2006 - 2007 year collected in the artificial tunnel of Jiyuan City, Henan Province. Total 5 species of parasitic helminthes was identified in the intestine samples of the bat, including 2 species of trematode （ Mesotretes jiyuanensis and Plagiorchis koreanus） ,2 species of cestodc （ Vampirolepis kengtingensis and V. toohokuensis） , 1 species of nematode （Strongylacantha pretoriensis） , however, V. kengtingensis wasn＇t obtained in the hibernation period of 2006 - 2007 year. The total prevalence of the host infected during the hibernation period of 2005 - 2006 year was 94.74% , and the prevalence of trematode and nematode was 73.68% and 63.18% , respectively, these were 91.30% , 78.26% and 65.22% in 2006 - 2007 year, respectively. M. fiyuanensis and S. pretoriensis had high average infection intensity and rates in two hibernation groups, which were dominant species. The proportion （more than 50% ） of bats infected 2 species of intestinal helminthes was relatively high in all bats of two hibernation groups. The number of bat possessing less than 30 helminth individual accounted for more than 75% of R. ferrumequlnum infected. The relation had no obvious cooperation or rejection between P. koreanus, M. fiyuanensis and S. pretoriensis of intestinal helminthes from the R. ferrumequinum in the hibernation group. And parasitic cases of these worms should be independent of each other. The results indicated that intestinal helminthes of R. ferrumequinum had high prevalence from the hibernation group in the artificial tunnel of Jiyuan City, Henan Province. There was almost no difference within the same species, except for significant difference in mean intensity and mean density of P. koreanus. Community structure of parasitic helminthes from the R. ferrumequinum had little change during the hibernation period.