不同区域长柄扁桃叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性分析

Leaf Anatomical Structures of Different Regional Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. and Their Drought Resistance Analysis

采用常规石蜡切片技术、光学显微镜观察,选取叶片厚度、角质层厚度、主脉厚度、上表皮栅栏组织厚度等10项旱生指标对来自河北丰宁、内蒙古乌审旗和固阳、陕西神木和榆阳共5个地区的长柄扁桃分别在正常生长和干旱胁迫后进行叶片解剖结构分析,探讨其抗旱的解剖结构特征,为长柄扁桃地区间引种和品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)河北地区长柄扁桃旱害指数最高,旱害最严重,自身耐旱性能最差;神木和固阳地区的旱害指数均低于河北丰宁与乌审旗地区;榆阳区的旱害指数最小,其抵抗干旱能力最强。(2)5个地区的长柄扁桃叶片结构具有相似性,表皮均具有角质层,主脉为双韧维管束,栅栏组织排列紧密整齐,大部分具有上下两层栅栏组织;抗旱性最弱的河北丰宁地区长柄扁桃叶片最大且最薄,上表皮、角质层及叶片紧密度等均最小,栅栏组织细胞只有一层且排列比较疏松,海绵组织细胞排列散乱、不规则且细胞间隙较大,叶脉维管组织口径小,疏导功能微弱;抗旱性最强的榆阳区长柄扁桃的叶片最小且最厚,对应的角质层、上表皮厚度、叶片紧密度等也最大,双层栅栏组织,第一层细胞细长排列紧密,第二层较短,维管组织发达,含较多的贮水细胞(粘液细胞和含晶细胞)。(3)根据5个地区长柄扁桃的旱害指数和叶片解剖结构的各指标参数比较,并通过隶属函数法分析结果表明,各地区长柄扁桃抗旱性顺序为:陕西榆阳区>陕西神木>内蒙古固阳>内蒙古乌审旗>河北丰宁。

Through paraffin production method and optical microscope technology to measure ten xeromor phic structure indexes, including leaf thickness, corneous layer thickness, main vein thickness, upper pali sade tissue thickness and so on of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.. The materials are from Hebei, Wushenqi, Guyang,Shenmu, Yuyang areas, which are divided into CK and drought treatment two groups. Results showed that： （1）Hebei region＇s drought damage index is the highest,indicating it was damaged badly, and with worst drought resistance performance;the indexes of Shenmu and Guyang areas are under Hebei and Wushenqi areas;and Yuyang area＇s index is minimum, with the biggest ability to resist drought damage. （2）The five areas of A. pedunculata Pall. are similar in leaf structure. They are all total with cuticle, the vascular bundles are bicollateral. The palisade tissues are well developed with one or two layers. Analysis ofvariance showed that the blade of Hebei region is the most thin in leaf anatomical structure determination, both the upper epidermis and horny layer are minimum. They only have a layer of palisade tissue cells ar ranged more loose, scattered irregular arrangement of spongy tissue cell with bigger cell gap, and smaller principal vain diameter with narrow channel function. The blade of Yuyang area is on the contrary. They have double palisade tissue. The first layer of cells elongated closely packed and the second layer is shorter with developed vascular tissue,containing more water storage cells （mucus cells and crystal cells）. （3）Ac cording to the comparison of leaf drought damage index and structure＇s index,and the method of member ship function, we get the sequence of drought resistance was as follows：Yuyang areaShenmu areaGuy ang areaWushenqi areaHebei area, which provides cal basis for breeding of A. pedunculata Pall.. the reference for regional introduction and theoreti