广东清远市再生有色金属产业集群成长动力机制

Growth Dynamic Mechanism of Renewable Non-ferrous Metal Industry Cluster in Qingyuan, Guangdong: Resources, System and Industry Transfer

从资源、市场、政策、产业转移等角度,结合区位熵、半结构式企业访谈和案例分析等定量与定性研究方法,探讨清远市再生有色金属产业集群的发展历程、现状、存在问题及其成长机制,提出在产业集群的演化过程中,其成长的动力机制随着经济和社会环境的变化也在不断地演变。在产业集群的形成初期,除了传统要素外,历史偶然性和市场自发性为集群的产生提供了可能性;而在中后期,政府作为制度的提供者在集群的发展和演变中扮演着重要角色。具体而言,巨大的有色金属再生资源蓄积量和庞大的劳动力资源等内生资源优势,加上政府对再生资源产业和集群的政策扶持、跨区域产业转移的制度安排、有意识地引进和培育龙头企业等外生制度优势,内源和外源动力共同促成高端要素的集聚发展、产业集群转型升级、集群化生产网络和专业化分工的形成。这种欠发达地区经济崛起的内生性推动力,能为其他城市发展再生资源产业提供重要的经验借鉴。

From the perspective of resources, market, policy and industrial transfer, combining other quantitative and qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews with enterprises, case analysis, location entropy and specialization coefficient, this article analyses the development history, the present situation, problems and growth mechanism of the regeneration non-ferrous metal industry cluster in Qingyuan. It is found that the dynamic mechanism of industrial cluster is in constant evolution along with economic and social environment changes. In the initial stage of the formation of industry cluster, in addition to the traditional elements, the historical contingency and the market spontaneous regulation provide possibility for the generation of clusters. And in the middle- late stage, as a system provider, the government plays a very important role for the development and evolution of the cluster. Specifically, the endogenous resource advantages of cluster include huge volume of renewable resources and labor resources. The exogenous institution advantages include the government＇s policy support, the institutional arrangements of inter-regional industry transfer, and conscious introduction and cultivation of leading enterprises. The endogenous and exogenous dynamics commonly prompt the cluster development of the high-end elements, the transformation and upgrading of the industrial cluster, the formation of the cluster production network and specialization divisions. Such experience as the endogenous impetus for the economic rise in less developed areas could be important reference for other cities to develop renewable resources industry.