国内外城市新区发展理论研究进展

Progress of Domestic and Foreign New Urban District Development Theories

基于梳理城市新区研究的发展脉络,国外城市新区的研究可分为3个阶段:1)19世纪90年代至20世纪50年代以功能疏导和社会需求为研究导向,研究领域包括城市新区的功能形态、卫星城开发实践等;2)20世纪50―90年代以功能平衡和经济需求为研究导向,研究领域包括新城开发、新产业区等;3)20世纪90年代以来以政策引导和生态需求为研究导向,研究领域包括生态新城、郊区化与边缘城市、城市新区规划设计、新区产业与社会问题等。与之相比,我国的城市新区研究也大致分为3个阶段,依次是1978年至20世纪90年代初的国外理论借鉴研究,20世纪90年代至21世纪00年代初期的开发区研究,以及21世纪00年代以来的综合型城市新区研究,相关研究领域包括产业发展、土地利用、空间结构、交通发展、管理体制、生命周期与转型,以及城市新区开发个案等。国内外研究在研究背景和目的、研究内容、研究方法上都具有显著差异。此外,文章还展望了我国城市新区未来的主要研究方向:1)城市新区开发对城市空间增长的作用;2)城市新区的演化及其生命周期;3)基于节约理念的城市新区开发模式;4)城市新区开发研究方法的应用。

Based on the development of research on new urban district, foreign new urban district research can fall into three stages： 1） from 1890s to 1950s, the research was oriented at functional persuasion and social demand, and the research field included functional morphology of new urban district and development practice of satellite town etc.; 2） from 1950s to 1990s, the research was oriented at functional balance and economic demand, and the research field included development practice of new town and new industrial district etc. ; 3） since 1990s, the research has been oriented at policy guidance and ecological requirement, and the research field includes ecological new town, suburbanization and edge city, planning and design of new urban district and industrial and social problems of new district etc. By contrast, Chinese new urban district research also falls into three stages： reference research on foreign theories from 1978 to early 1990s, research on development zone from 1990s to early 2000s and research on comprehensive new urban district since 2000s. Relevant research fields include industrial development, land utilization, space structure, transportation development, management system, life cycle and transition and individual cases of new urban district development etc. Domestic and foreign researches have significant differences in research background and purpose, content and method. This paper also looks into the future main research direction of new urban district in China： 1） the function of new urban district development for urban space growth; 2） evolution and life cycle of new urban district; 3） new urban district development mode based on the concept of saving; 4） application of research methods of new urban district development.