城镇就业性别歧视问题实证研究

An Empirical Study on Gender Discrimination in Urban Employment

使用2010年第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据、以受教育程度和婚育状况为主线,探讨城镇男女对就业性别歧视认知与经历的性别年龄差异,可以发现,70%以上城镇女性对就业性别歧视有较好认知,年龄越小、受教育程度越高,对就业性别歧视的认知程度也越高。曾经"因性别而不被录用或提拔"、"因结婚/怀孕/生育而被解雇"的城镇女性超过1000万,各年龄、各种受教育程度和婚育状况的女性遭遇就业性别歧视的比例均远远高于男性。高等教育对男女"因性别而不被录用或提拔"具有截然不同的影响,婚育降低了女性对就业性别歧视的认知程度、增加了就业性别歧视的经历。应采取积极措施消除就业性别歧视。

The difference of awareness and experience of gender discrimination in employment between male and fe- male is analyzed. Over 70 percent urban women are fully aware that ＂an employer＇ s act of refusing to employ or promote women because of their gender＂ constitutes discrimination. More than 10 million urban women have been denied employment or promotion or have been dismissed because of their gender or on ground of marriage/pregnan- cy/childbirth. Gender, age, level of education have important impact on in the awareness and experience of gender discrimination in employment both in the form of ＂denial of employment or promotion opportunity because of gen- der＂ and in the form of ＂dismissal on ground of marriage/pregnancy/childbirth＂ women＇ s level of awareness of gender discrimination in employment. Suggestions ~ Marriage and childbirth can lower are given at the end of this paper.