从上海实践分析居民自治的环境和路径

The Environment and Path: The Analysis on the Residents Autonomy Based on Shanghai Practice

上海居民自治的大量活动案例表明,组织化、项目化、个案化是其主要的阶段性特征。如何将局部的、阶段性的自治典型案例,朝着普遍的、覆盖社区生活全过程的方向推进,是当前完善基层治理、促进社区和谐稳定的迫切需求。近期现实可行的增强居民区自治功能的主要对策,一是将社工站的职责定位为协助居委会开展自治为主,而非承接行政事务为主,减轻居民区工作班子的过重负担,并改革对居委会的考核机制,形成有利于其集中精力开展自治的外部环境;二是提升居民区工作人员整体素质,区分不同性质,吸引更多具有组织协调和宣传动员能力的居民,通过选举或聘用成为居委会成员或专职党务工作者、社工,形成能够普遍有效组织居民开展自治的工作骨干队伍;三是有序培育社区服务型的社会组织,给予居民区楼组、社区文体活动团队、社区公益型社会组织进一步的支持,夯实居民自治的群众基础。

The large number of examples of Shanghai residents autonomy show three main characteristics, organization project and case, in this stage. It is urgently demanded to turn the partial and phased autonomous typical case into the common and covering the whole process of community life to improve the grass-roots society governance and promote community harmony and stability. There are realistic countermeasures to enhance the residents autonomy function, first the main functions and responsibilities of the social work station is determined as the assistance of neighborhood committee autonomy to reduce the residential area staff team＇s burden rather than to undertake administrative matters. It is required to reform evaluation mechanism of neighborhood committee for forming the external environment which can promote residents autonomy. Secondly, enhance the quality of whole residential area staff, distinguish the different nature, attract more residents who have the capacities of coordinating organization and mobilization and form an staff who can organize residents to carry out autonomy effectively and generally by electing or employing members of neighborhood committee and full-time party workers, social workers. Thirdly, foster community- service-based society organizations in order, give further support to residential areas building group, community culture and sport team and community public welfare social organizations, and strengthen mass base of residents autonomy.