尿动力学仪的配置和临床应用

The allocation and clinical application of the Urodynamic equipment in Urology

膀胱尿道功能障碍疾病是泌尿外科诊治的难点之一 ,该类疾病的诊断主要依据尿动力学的检查。尿动力学仪是尿动力学检查的关键设备 ,也是近 2 0年来泌尿外科设备中随着计算机的发展而发展最快的设备之一。该设备主要由尿动力学主机 ,计算机主机 ,压力传感器 ,肌电图仪 ,尿流率仪和数字影像系统组成。尿流率为尿动力学检查中最常用的设备 ,但尿流率的大小仅反映逼尿肌功能和尿道阻力的综合结果。尿动力学检查中最主要的检查为膀胱测压 ,可了解充盈期膀胱顺应性 ,感觉 ,容量和稳定性 ,以及排尿期逼尿肌反射和压力流率测定。结合同步肌电图检查可了解逼尿肌外括约肌的协同性。影像尿动力学检查的出现明显提高了尿动力学检查的准确性 ,能为膀胱尿道功能状态提供更为丰富和准确的信息 ,已成为尿动力学检查的金标准。尿动力学检查已成为神经原性膀胱 。

The dysfunctional diseases of bladder and urethra are the most difficulties in urologic clinical practice, and the diagnoses of these diseases are mainly dependent on the results of Urodynamics. The Urodynamic equipment is the key equipment for Urodynamics, and it is also one of those equipments which have been developing fast with more and more advanced computer in recent 20 years. This equipment mianly composed of urodynamic unit, computer, pressure transducer, electromyogram, flowmetry and synchronous digitalized vesicourethrogram. Flowmetry is most common and non-invasive equipment in Urodynamics, but it only can reflect the combination results caused by both of detrusor and urethra. Cystometry is most important method which could show bladder compliance, sensation, capacity and stability in filling phase, and the detrusor reflax and P-Q plot in voiding phase. Combination with synchronous electromyography of urethral external sphinter, the Urodynamics could show the coordination of detrusor and external sphincter. Videourodynamics improve the accuracy of urodynamical examination, it could privide more rich and accurate informations about the functions of bladder and urethra. Therefore the videourodynamics has become to be the golden standard for the diagnosis of dysfunction of bladder and urethra. Currently urodynamics has become to be the most important equipment for the diagnoses of neurogenic bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction.