善与幸福——从批判哲学的观点看

Good and Happiness——From a critical point of view

功利主义把人的一切行为归因于利益,这不但与人性本善的美好愿望相悖,而且存在理论上的缺陷。康德提出德性伦理学与之抗衡,却失之于曲高和寡,于是,他提出至善论,企图把功利主义和义务论进行综合。构成至善的善和幸福是两个本质上不同的东西,二者的契合必须靠上帝来保障。至善并没有因为其中包含幸福而使自己易于被接受,反而因为掺入了经验的因素遭受指责。

It was contradict the wish＂ human nature is good＂ and caused theoretical weakness that to due human activities to the profits as futilitarians declared. Kant created a moral ethics to compete with them,but failed because of which was too sublime to follow. Therefore, he introduced a theory of the highest good, constituted of good and happiness, to synthesize utilitarianism and deontology. But the theory of the highest good was critiqued for the com- bine what was mixed with the experiential element and was maintained by God.