讨古枯心血 守正复天真——明清之际张自烈的客尘人生

Scholar ZHANG Zilie's Academics Life Experience in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

张自烈,江西宜春人。明清之际著名藏书家,文献学家。现代意义之文学家,语言文字学家。张自烈的一生,历经明清两朝。前半生,个性活跃,慨陈己见;后半生,个性沉寂,著述甚丰。观其一生,志在讨古,逃名守正;归扫客尘,返璞归真。张自烈的一生:刻苦嗜学;著书以"辩";"履膺荐辟,俱辞弗就";"无岁弗旅,无旅弗困";知遇先达;班荆道故;垂青晚生;以文为戟;著书立说。其《正字通》,承前启后,是继《字汇》之后一部重要的字书,它继承吸收了传统语言文字学的成果,补正《字汇》的许多缺失,为号称"字学之渊薮,艺苑之津梁"的《康熙字典》的编纂奠定了坚实的基础。

Zhang Zilie, coming from Yichun of Jiangxi Province, is one of the book collectors, documcntarians in Ming and Qing dynasty, modem writers and character linguist. Zhang Zilie＇s life had gone through Ming and Qing dynasty. He had an active and energetic personality, presenting his impassioned opinions and ideas in the fhst half of his life. In the second half of the life, he was silent writing a lot. His whole life was devoted to researching the ancient persons and events. He avoided the honor to persist with the justice and return to Nature. He liked to read and study diligently, was good at writing and arguing. The people recognized his talents and recommended him to be court officials, which he always refused. He travelled all the year round with difficulties. He was often apprecited and recognized by the elders, the friends, and he regarded the young generation seriously. He sometimes wrote to argue with the others and had finished writing several books. He wrote Zheng Zi Tong, an important linking book after his work Zi Hui. Zheng Zi Tong has inherited the achievements of the traditional Chinese language ehrcters. Revising and complementing the language characters in Zi Hui, Zheng Zi Tong lays a solid foundation for making and compiling Kangxi Dictionary which is the origin of character linguistics and the bridge of the art re- search field.