市场失灵与制度演化——供求模型的一个扩展及应用

Market Failure and Institutional Evolution——An Extension and Application of the Model of Supply and Demand

对于经济学来说,供求模型是其核心工具,制度问题是其重要主题。但目前二者结合还远远不够,这制约了供求模型的应用范围,以及制度问题的深入研究。对制度与供求之间的关系做了系统分析。一方面,通过添加制度变量,扩展了供求模型的应用广度和深度,进而揭示了诸多供求矛盾背后的制度根源,所谓的"市场失灵"则只是表面现象;另一方面,制度导致的供求矛盾对应着制度外利润,这构成了制度创新的动力,由此揭示了制度变迁的内生性和路径依赖特征。

For economics, supply and demand model is its core tools, and institutions is its important theme. But the combination of both is far from enough, which has limited not only the application range of supply and demand model, but also further study of the institutional problems. The relationship between the system and supply-demand has been analyzed in this paper. On the one hand, by adding system variables, supply and demand model in breadth and depth is expanded, and the system of the contradictions between supply and demand in many markets is revealed. The so- called ＂market failure＂ is just surface phenomenon. On the other hand, the system of supply and demand contradic- tion, which is correspond to potential profit, constitutes the power of institution change, and then the institution change endogenous and path dependence characteristics are revealed.