古今汉语中关于鱼的量词历时考察

The Diachronic Analysis of the Classifiers of Fish in Chinese Language

汉语量词从古至今经历了一个复杂的演变过程。通过对主要汉语语料库的调查发现:汉语中用于称量鱼的量词有:"个、枚、头、尾、条、首、番"7个。从历时的角度,考察这一组量词与名词鱼的组合搭配。主要分析了这些量词和名词鱼搭配产生的时间、演变过程以及现今搭配格局形成的原因。通过研究发现,鱼的量词的演化有如下两条趋势:"鱼"的量词由不使用量词到与通用量词"枚"、"头"和"个"搭配,再发展到了有与鱼专门搭配的量词"尾"与"条";称量鱼的量词从与通用量词搭配发展到与形状量词搭配的趋势。

Classifiers in Chinese have undergone a complicated evolution since ancient times. By searching the main Chinese corpus, the author found that there are＇ seven classifiers which had or have been used to enumerate the noun Fish in Chinese-Ge, Mei, Tou, Wei, Tiao, Shou and Fan. From the perspective of diachronic analysis, this paper in- vestigated the correlations between this group of classifiers and the noun Fish. It analyzed when the correlations oc- curred, how they evolved and why the present correlations formed. Through the research, the author found two trends of the evolution of the classifiers of Fish-Firstly, the noun Fish didn＇t correlate with any classifier at the very begin- ning, and then it was paired with general classifiers Mei, Tou and Ge, and at last it had its specified classifiers Wei and Tiao. Secondly, the trend in the correlations with the noun Fish was changed from the general classifiers to shaped classifiers.