从“功能对等”理论看英语定语从句的多变状语翻译

Translation of English Attributive Clauses into Varied Adverbial Clauses Based on the Theory of Functional Equivalence

英汉两种语言不同的思维和构句方式决定了在翻译过程中句式选择和遣词造句的不同。现代英语中大量使用的定语从句,有些虽然从结构上看起来是定语从句,但实际上已经失去了对先行词或主句的限定或修饰作用,而在逻辑上与主句有着某种状语关系。按照尤金·A·奈达的"功能对等"翻译理论,在理解和翻译现代英语中具有状语功能的定语从句时,要摆脱英语形式的束缚,注重语言环境的分析,在判断主、从句逻辑关系的基础上,对定语从句的外在形式进行转换、重组,然后按照汉语的行文习惯将其翻译成适当的状语从句形式。

The different modes of thinking and sentence-building between English and Chinese lead to the different sentence-making and word-choice in the process of translation. In modem English, attributive clauses are used extensively, some of which look to be attributive clauses from the sentence structure per- spective, but in practice, they have lost their restriction or modification to the antecedents or the main clauses, but logically have some certain adverbial relations with the main clauses. According to Eugene A. Nida,Functional Equivalence translation theory, while translating the attributive clauses with adverbial function, we should get rid of the shackles of English form, focus on the analysis of context situation, make some transformation or recombination of the attributive clauses on the basis of judging the logical relation- ship between the main clause and the subordinate clause, and then translate them into proper adverbial style.