缓释氮肥对干旱山区全膜覆盖马铃薯氮素吸收、分配及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量的影响

Effcets of slow-released nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption,distribution and soil nitrate,ammonium nitrogen content of plastic film mulching contions

在互助县蔡家堡乡进行马铃薯平衡施肥与养分循环试验,研究了不同施肥对高原干旱山区马铃薯田产量、植株样品氮素吸收、分配和土壤淋溶液中硝态氮及铵态氮含量的影响。结果显示:施用缓释氮肥与等养分的普通氮肥相比,增产率为10.6%、17.4%;随着马铃薯生育期的推进,马铃薯各器官中含氮量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,其中,叶中氮含量下降幅度较大,在营养生长阶段,在生殖生长阶段80天的缓释氮肥较普通尿素及50天缓释氮肥更有利于茎中的氮素向马铃薯叶片和产量器官转移,50天缓释氮肥在膨大期氮素积累量比其他处理都高,其中比CK、OPT高出88%、68%,马铃薯对于氮素的需求与50天缓释氮肥释放规律几乎一致。其他器官下降趋势较平缓生育期内能够延缓氮素向硝态氮的转化的速率,保证较长时间地向植株提供氮素养分,从而提高马铃薯的产量。土壤和施入的氮肥形态有多种,但向下淋失的氮化合物总是以硝态氮为主,同时硝态氮淋溶的趋势随着深度的增加,硝态氮含量逐渐降低。

Balanced Fertilization and nutrient cycling test were carried out in Huzhu County Caijiaying Baoxiang study the impact of different fertilization on plateau arid mountain potato field production, on plant samples nitrogen absorption, distribution and soil leaching solution of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content. The results showed that the ordinary application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer and nutrients such as nitrogen fertilizer compared, the increase was 10.6%, 17.4%; With the advance of potato growing period, the nitrogen content in potato organs gradually declining trend, which leaves decrease of the nitrogen content in the vegetative growth stage, the reproductive growth stage 80 days of slow release nitrogen fertilizer than ordinary urea and 50 days of slow release nitrogen fertilizer is more conducive to stem the transfer of nitrogen to the potato leaves and yield organs, 50 days slow release nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen accumulation in the enlargement period than other treatments, including CK, OPT is 88% higher, 68%, almost the same potato demand for nitrogen and slow release 50d nitrogen fertilizer release law. Other organs downward trend of relatively fiat growth period can delay the rate of conversion of nitrogen to nitrate, longer time to plant nitrogen nutrient to improve potato production. Soil and nitrogen fertilizer was applied to a variety of forms, but the downward leaching nitrogen compounds always in nitrate-based, while the trend in nitrate leaching nitrate content decreased gradually as the depth increases.