细辛精油对两种农业害虫生理生化指标的影响

Effects of Asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indexes of two agricultural pest insects

研究了不同方法提取的细辛精油对玉米螟和粘虫体壁结构相关生理生化指标(几丁质和酚氧化酶)、作用于神经系统的生理生化指标(乙酰胆碱酯酶)、作用于消化系统的生理生化指标(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)的影响。结果表明:(1)实验浓度下,细辛精油对试虫体壁几丁质含量无影响,对酚氧化酶活性无抑制作用,而是表现出诱导激活作用;(2)细辛精油可作用于昆虫的神经系统,细辛精油对玉米螟幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶具有较强的抑制作用,抑制率达24.86%～38.79%;(3)细辛精油对试虫(粘虫和玉米螟幼虫)中肠内的胃蛋白酶的活性有诱导激活作用,但随着处理时间的延长,被激活的幅度较小;而对淀粉酶和脂肪酶有明显的抑制作用,说明细辛精油可以通过抑制淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性,起到杀虫作用,细辛精油可以作用于昆虫的消化系统。

This paper studied the effects of three kinds of Asarum essential oils extracted by different methods on the physiological and biochemical indices of the structure of the body wall（chitin and phenoloxidase）, the physiological and biochemical indices of acting on the nervous system （Acetylcholinesterase）, the physiological and biochemical indices of acting on the digestive system （protease, amylase and lipase） of the corn borer （Ostriniafurnacalis） and army worm （Mythimna seperata）. The results showed that： （1） Using our experimental concentrations, asarum essential oils had no effect on the Chitin content of the body wall. Asarum essential oils showed a significant activated effect on activities of phenoloxidase of the test insects. （2） Asarum essential oils may act on the nervous system of the insect. The asarum essential oils have a strong inhibitory effect on activities of acetylcholinesterase,of corn borer larvae, the rate of inhibition is about from 24.86% to 38.79%.（3） Asarum essential oils showed a significant activated effect on activities of the pepsin activity in the intestines of insects （armyworms and corn borer larvae）. But the activated amplitude is smaller with the extension of the treatment time. And Asarum essential oils showed a significant inhibitory effect on amylase and lipase activities of the test insects. Asarum essential oils had a insecticidal role by restraining the activity of the amylase and lipasc. And asarum essential oils can act on the digestive system of insects.