密云水库石匣小流域水土保持措施效应研究

Benefits of soil and water conservation measures on reducing runoff and sediments in Shixia small watershed of Miyun reservoir

根据2000—2006年密云水库上游石匣小流域内20个径流小区的产流产沙数据,分析不同水土保持措施的蓄水保土效益。结果表明:(1)以裸地为对照,土地利用类型的水土保持效应为封禁荒草地>林地>耕地,3种土地利用类型的径流减少量分别为94.28%、66.25%、23.95%,泥沙减少量分别为99.38%、75.13%、56.82%;(2)同种耕地土地利用类型,不同耕作措施的水土保持效应为梯田>坡耕地>陡坡开荒;(3)同种林地土地利用类型,不同林地措施的水土保持效应为鱼鳞坑>大水平条>小水平条;(4)同种草地土地利用类型,自然封禁形成的荒草地的水土保持效应远远大于人工草地。

The benefits produced by different measures of soil and water conservation on reducing runoff and sediments were analyzed with the data from runoff plots （2000-2006） in Shixia small watershed. The results were presented as following： （1） Compared to bare ground, the benefits produced by different land use types were banning grassland〉woodland〉cropland, their runoff reductions were 94.28%, 66.25% and 23.95% respectively, and the sediment reductions were 99.38%, 75.13% and 56.82% respectively; （2） For the land use type of cropland, the benefits produced by different cultivation measures were terrace〉slope farmland〉reclaiming wasteland with steepslope; （3） For the land use type of woodland, the benefits produced by different afforestation measures were fish-scale pits 〉big horizontal bars〉small horizontal bars; （4） For the land use type of grassland, the benefits produced by naturally banning measures were much more than artificial planting grass.