竞走的运动学分析与频率响应规律

Primary Research for Kinematics Analysis and Frequency Response Law of Walking Race

目前不能用力学方法系统地分析竞走的运动规律,也不知其频率响应的确切规律,对竞走的跑台实验也有争议。文章通过构建人—地模型、刚性链接刚体系模型和稳定竞走模型,用力学方法剖析竞走的步长,梳理稳定竞走中基本运动参量间的关系;从肢体摆动属性出发建立进一步研究所需的力学概念和关系;通过文献资料切入竞走实际,用新构建的力学概念关系处理实验数据、建立电子表格,绘出多种竞走频率响应的极限曲线;发现竞走中的共振现象、续振现象、组合步长随组合步频变化的规律、支撑均速随组合步频变化的规律;发现竞走运动的固有频率、极限组合步长、极限组合步频、极限支撑均速等参量,初步证实跑台实验即可行又必要。为探讨竞走中多种隐含因素的影响找到途径,为更细致地分析竞走、评价竞走和科学客观地选材找到简单可行的力学方法。

At present, the motion pattern of walking race can not be systemically analyzed by mechanics, and the exact law of frequency response is still unknown. The treadmill test of walking race still attracts disputes. By constructing a human-ground model, rigidity link rigid body system model and stable walking race model, this paper analyzes the step length of walking race based on mechanics and organizes the relationship between basic movement parameters of walking race; based on body swing- ing attribute, builds concepts and relations of mechanics required for further research; accesses to actual situation of walking race by literatures, processes study data and creates spreadsheet by newly-buih mechanics concepts and relations, and plots walking race frequency response limit curves; discovers its resonance phenomenon, renewal vibration phenomenon, the regularities of combined step length and supporting uniform velocity changing along with combined frequency; discovers its natural frequency, extreme combined step length and step frequency, extreme supporting uniform velocity; primarily proves that the treadmill test is feasible and necessary. It finds out a way to discuss the connotative influencing factors on the walking race, a simple and feasible mechanics method for comprehensively analyzing and evaluating the walking race as well as scientifically and objectively identifying the talent of walking race.