含煤地层中断层突水机理探讨

Water inrush mechanism of faults in coal-bearing strata

含煤地层中断层的突水是矿井的主要水害问题之一。对断层的地质、水文地质特征进行了分析,研究了断层的详细结构,断层落差与断层宽度的关系,断层的导水性能及最大突水量与稳定水量的关系,结合国内已有的断层带试验资料,探讨了断层的突水机理。含水层的高压水克服岩层结构面的阻力,以突然方式涌入井巷的现象是含水层水压、矿山压力、隔水层和断层诸因素相互作用,破坏其平衡的结果,研究断层的突水机理是为了预测和预防突水灾害。突水机理用突水系数来表述,文中对断层的突水系数作了研究,提出取正常岩体强度的1/2,并在本矿区进行了应用,也可以为其他相似水文地质条件的矿井作为参考。对断层突水机理的研究还可以扩展应用到防水煤柱的留设及最大可能突水量预测等方面。

The water inrush of faults in coal-bearing strata is one of most widespread dissasters in coal mines.The character of geology and hydrogeology is analysed in this paper.The tectonic of faults zone is investigated.Relationship between fault drop and zone wide and relationship between water conduction of fault zone,maximum yields and stability yields are eclaborated combining the results of fault actully tests in our country.The water inrush mechanism is discussed.The high water pressure of aquifer overcome the resistance from the tectonic plan in strata,and flow into the mine suddenly.This phenomenon are water pressure,mine pressure,strata and fault acted each other,destroyed the stability of factors.The objective of water inrush mechanism study is to predict and prevent water diasters.The water inrush mechanism is showed by coefficient of water inrush.The coefficient of faults inrush is sugested half of nomal strata strength,which is applied in Luan coal region.The study of water inrush mechnism may be applied to similar hydrogeologic mines for reference.Moreover,the study may be applied to predict the coal pillar and to calculate the maximum water yield of inrush.