从佛道之语看《哈姆莱特》的死亡与超越主题

A View of the Theme of Death and Transcendence in Hamlet in Terms of Buddhist Remarks

佛道之语映射出《哈姆莱特》的死亡与超越主题,其中既蕴含着生命死灭的悲伤之感,又蕴含有万物生死循环的终极之思。但《哈姆莱特》中所流露出的对死亡的肯定和乐观,是与东方佛道中的死亡乐观论有重大区别的:前者对死亡的乐观态度基于人不得不死的这一客观必然,因而是一种无奈的乐观和坦然,终究掩饰不住其人生终极是虚无的悲叹;后者的"乐死观"是以宇宙永恒、生命不死、自然循环的精神超越为前提的,因而充满了一种天人合一、万物一体的怡然自得。

Buddhist remarks single out the theme of death and transcendence in Hamlet, which implies not on- ly the sorrow for the loss of life but the absolute idea that everything revolves between life and death. However, the acceptance and optimism to death expressed in Hamlet is greatly different from Buddhist optimism to death. The for- mer is optimistic to death based on the objective necessity of having to die, so it reveals a helpless optimism and quietness, failing to cover its sorrowful sigh for the end of life. However, Buddhist ＂optimism to death＂ is derived from its spiritual transcendence of eternal universe, non-death of life and natural circulation, thus filled with quiet self-satisfaction with human integrity with nature and everything in a universal whole.