城镇家栖鼠可持续性控制

Sustainable urban rodent management strategy in Chinese cities

城市鼠害是一个严重的世界性问题,褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和小家鼠3种家栖鼠是城市主要害鼠。城市具有适宜家栖鼠生存的条件,尤其是随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市家栖鼠可持续性控制越发具有重要性和迫切性。城镇家栖鼠综合防治是可持续控制策略的核心组成部分,该文对城镇鼠类调查、启动阈值确定、干预、评价等步骤进行阐述,并对比部分国家(地区)登记使用的杀鼠剂,同时探讨诸如标准和法规、综合监测、风险评估、抗药性问题和健康教育与社区参与对于持续长久地城市鼠害控制的作用与意义。

For centuries, people have recognized that urban rodent is not only a nuisance but also is a public health problem. Rattus norvegicus,Rattus tanezumi and Mus musculus often live in close association with humans and can be serious pests under certain conditions. With the rapid urbanization development, sustainable management strat- egy is getting more and more important. The program of integrated pest management （IPM） is the core ingredient sus- tainable management strategy. The four key components of an IPM program are survey, tolerance limit, intervention, and evaluation. In addition,sustainable management strategy is a long-term, effective and holistie approach to manag- ing urban rodent combining various interventions （ e. g. criterions and regulations, risk assessment, resistance, inte- grated monitoring, health education and community participation）in ways that minimize environmental hazards that af- fect people＇ s health.