美国灭鼠剂应用概述

Review of American rodenticide application

对在美国广泛应用的9种灭鼠剂毒饵的销售状况、应用范围、靶鼠、施用技术及替代方法等方面进行了评述。2008年6月美国环保局颁布了一项涉及当前广泛应用的10种灭鼠剂销售和使用的规定。这个已经在2011年6月4日实施的法规旨在保护非靶动物和儿童,所涉及的灭鼠剂涵盖家用、农业用和专业用三大市场,对上述三大市场的灭鼠剂销售和应用均作了更严格的限制。专业有害生物管理从业人员将发现,来自家庭用户鼠类控制服务的需求将大大上升,对第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂和毒饵施放技术、更先进耐用的毒饵盒等综合防治技术的要求也将提升。专业有害生物管理从业人员和美国地方卫生健康部门在居民区灭鼠将会面临更大的困难。

The current application status of nine rodenticide baits in the United States is overviewed including a description of available market information, main use sites, target pests, and efficacy issues for these rodenticide baits ; and alternative rodent control methods. In June of 2008, the United States Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） passed rules and regulations affecting the sale and use of 10 well known rodentieide ehemistrys and formula＇ s. The pur- pose of the new legislation named The EPA Rodenticide Mitigation Decision is for increased protection for non targeted animals and children. The Decision is divided in consumer, agricultural and professional applicator markets. Each market has particular restrictions. Pest management professionals may find that there is a greater need from home cus- tomers for effective rodent control and an integrated pest management （IPM） approach that can include products such as the second-generatlon anticoagulant rodenticides and skilled placement,including in advanced, tamper-resistant bait stations. It will be up to the professional pest management industry and their counterparts in municipal health and sanitation departments to solve the more difficult pest rodent problems in residential areas.