翻译测试中的能力界定与信度效度评估

Definition of Translation Competence and Assessment of Validity and Reliability in Translation Testing

翻译测试研究的首要问题是将翻译能力分解为可以评估的因素,并在命题时使翻译能力通过翻译实际操作体现出来。文章首先对翻译测试所要测试的翻译能力进行了分项分析,提出了具有可操作性的翻译能力多重要素模式。为提高翻译测试的阅卷信度,本文提出了语篇翻译双重评分方法。同时提出了评估效度的三种方法,包括评估试卷内容和测试情境、测试分数与外部变量关系和测试的反拨效应。

The priority in the research of translation testing is to divide translation competence into assessable components and measure them in the translation activities designed in the test. This paper analyzes the necessary components of translation competence and puts forward an operative multi-component translation competence model. In order to improve the reliability of scoring, the author proposes a double scoring method based on text translation and three strategies of assessing validity, inclu- ding assessing content and context, score and outside variables, and the backwash of testing.