生物埂护坡下不同土地利用方式的入渗——产流研究

Study of Rainfall-Infiltration-Runoff Generation on Slopes Protected with Biological Border under the Effects of Different Land Use Types

为研究生物埂护坡下不同土地利用方式的入渗产流规律,在四川丘陵山区金凤溪小流域内设置了15个简易径流小区,以无生物埂+顺坡耕作(玉米)为对照,对生物埂下水保林(黄柏、柏木)、经济林(枇杷+牧草、枇杷、柑橘)、顺坡耕作(玉米)等6种土地利用类型进行对比分析.结果表明:(1)生物埂显著影响土壤的体积质量、总孔隙、非毛管孔隙度,且不同的土地利用类型之间差异显著.(2)不同土地利用方式的土壤渗透性不同,枇杷+牧草结合的渗透性最强,对照的渗透性最差.(3)不同土地利用方式的产流次数和产流率不同,其中生物埂+顺坡耕作(玉米)的产流次数、产流率分别比无生物埂+顺坡耕作降低26%和20%.

In order to find out the effects of bank protection with biological border and different land use types on soil runoff and infiltration characteristics, 15 runoff plots were established in the Jinfeng small watershed of a mountainous area in Sichuan province. With ＂non-bank ＋ longitudinal farming （corn）＂ as the control, 6 land use types were compared, including soil and water conservation forests （Phellodendron amurese and Cupressu lusitanica）, economic forests （loquat ＋ forage, loquat, and citrus）, longitudinal farming （corn） and others. The results showed that slope conservation with biological border had great effects on soil bulk density, total porosity and non-capillary porosity, and significant differences existed between different land use types. Soil infiltration differed significantly with land use types, penetrability being the greatest in the ＂loquat ＋ forage＂ type and the least in the control. The runoff time and rate of the type ＂bank ＋ longitudinal farming （corn）＂ were less than those of the treatment ＂non-bank ＋ longi- tudinal farming （corn）＂ by 26% and 20%, respectively.