铁路特等客运站鼠类防制对策研究

Study on the Rodent Control Strategy at Giganic Railway Passenger Station in Shanghai

目的 :通过对鼠源、种群、栖息生境的调查研究 ,探讨铁路特等客运站的鼠类防制对策。方法 :采用夹日法和粉迹法调查鼠源及密度 ,分析鼠种 ,进行灭效评价。结果 :铁路上海站鼠源主要是列车窜下和外围环境窜入的。列车窜下的以黄胸鼠为主 (占 65 .1% ) ,外围环境窜入的则以褐家鼠为主 (占 5 4.7% )。完善室内防鼠设施后 ,室内粉迹阳性率由 2 .69%降为 0 .40 % ;在鼠源场所设立固定毒鼠点后 ,鼠源场所夹日法阳性率由 2 .40 %降为 0 .47% ;采用区域扩大灭鼠法 ,室内有鼠场所粉迹法阳性率由灭前的 74.5 %降为灭后的 3.0 %。实施以防为主的防制方法后 ,减少了用药量 ,降低了灭鼠经费。结论 :完善车站室内防鼠设施 ,在鼠源场所设立固定毒鼠点 ,室内有鼠场所采用区域扩大灭鼠法 ,能有效控制铁路特等客运站的鼠密度。

The rodent control strategy at giganic railway passenger station was studied in this paper.It was found that the rodent at Shanghai railway passenger station mainly came from the passenger trains and the adjacent areas. Of the captive rodents from the platforms, 65.1 % was Rattus norvegicus , however, from the joint places, 54.7 % Rattus flavipectus . The study also showed: the rodent density could be controlled effectively after the indoor rodent-proof facilities have been finished, the rodent-killing sites have been established and the rodent-killing materials have been put in the rooms (include the rooms around) in time where the rodent has been found.