2011年深圳某医院医院感染状况的回顾性分析

A retrospective analysis on nosocomial infection at a hospital of Shenzhen in 2011

目的探讨深圳市某医院医院感染的发生情况，加强医院感染的控制，为有效预防与控制医院感染的发生提供依据。方法回顾性分析了2011年深圳市某医院发生医院感染的住院病例，分别对医院感染发生的科室、感染发生部位、感染发生的时间进行了汇总与统计。结果2011年1至12月间，该医院共有54977例患者出院，共发生医院感染1567例，其中漏报14例，感染发生率为2．85％，感染例次数为1639例次，感染例次率为2．98％，医院感染漏报率为0．89％。其中血液科、ICU、神经外科医院感染发病率和例次发生率居前三位。受感染部位中，下呼吸道感染占首位，占33．86％，其次是上呼吸道，占25．32％。各季度医院感染率和感染例次率不同，最高分别为3．14％和3．35％，发生在第3季度，最低分别为2．41％和2．52％，发生在第4季度。结论该医院医院感染病例发生率及例次率低于三甲医院的控制水平。根据回顾性分析结果可发现医院感染管理的薄弱环节，针对性地采取措施进行干预，同时为预防与控制医院感染提供理论依据，以提高医院感染管理的质量。

Objective To investigate nosocomial infection at a hospital in Shenzhen, to strengthen the control of nosocomial infection, and to provide support for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods A retrospective analysis on the hospitalized patients with nosocomial infection at a hospital of Shenzhen in 2011 was conducted. The departments occurring nosocomial infection, infection sites, and infection time were summarized and analyzed. Results From January to December 2011, a total of 54, 977 patients were discharged from the hospital, 1567 of them suffered nosocomial infection, with a rate of 2.85%; 1639 cases were developed, with a rate of 2.98%. Hematology, neurosurgery, and ICU ranged the top three departments for the rates of incidence and case incidence. The lower respiratory tract was the most common location for infection, accounting for 33.86%, followed by the upper respiratory tract （25.32%）. The rates of nosocomial infection and case infection rate were different in the four quarters. The highest rate was 3.14% and 3.35%, respectively, which occurred in the third quarter; while the lowest rate was 2.41% and 2.52%, respectively, which occurred in the fourth quarter. Conclusions The rates of nosocomial infection and case infection is below the control level in a 3A hospital. According to the retrospective analysis results, we can find the weakness in nosocomial infection management. Intervention with targeted measures and theoretical support for prevention and control of nosocomial infection can improve the quality of nosocomial infection management.