近代日本天皇制的历史考证

A Historical Research of the Modern Japan’s Imperial System

在幕末变局下,"天皇亲政"与"公议"成为了近代日本天皇制构建和形成的两个原则,在明治新政府中逐渐协调并趋向制度化。二者并非简单直接的对立,而是互相支持,二者亦非均衡平稳发展,有时也会出现激烈的对抗。以福泽谕吉为例,能了解到民众参政的理由、以及天皇在这种构建中所处的位置。"公议"原则体现了政治参与扩大的近代化趋向,于此同时,天皇亲政的传统得到继承,国家意志须经天皇权威的确认,"公议"转化为了"天皇亲政下的公议",其中内含了消极因素,最后军部法西斯主导下的对外侵略体制亦与此有密切关联。

With the tumultuous situation in late Tokugawa Shogunate, ＂the emperor＇s taking over the reins of government＂ and ＂public discussion＂ became the two major principles in the construction and formation of the modem Japan＇s Imperial system, and they gradually became harmonized and systemized in the Meiji new regime. The two principles were not simple and direct contradiction, but mutual support, and their development was not always balanced and stable, there would be heated confrontations occasionally. The example of Yukichi Fukuzawa helped to understand the causes of public participation in politics and the position of the emperor in such a structure. The principle of＂public discussion＂ demonstrated a modernized tendency of expanding political participation, at the same time, the tradition of the emperor＇s taking over the reins of government was also inherited as the state will required to be confirmed by the emperor＇s authority, thus the ＂public discussion＂ was transformed into ＂public discussion under the emperor＇s taking over the reins of government＂ which contained negative factors closely related to the mechanism of aggression by the militarist and fascist forces eventually.