中国植物区系与其它地区区系的联系及其在世界区系中的地位和作用

On the Affinities and the Role of the Chinese Flora

基于吴征镒将中国全部种子植物 32 38个属的分布区划分为 15个大类型和 34个变型的基础上 ,简要地讨论了中国植物区系与其它地区区系的联系 ,以及它在被子植物起源方面的作用。主要论点如下 :( 1)与热带亚洲区系的联系。这种联系主要通过第 7类型 (热带亚洲分布 )及其 5个变型来体现的。本文列举了 10个科 ,龙脑香科、狭义隐翼科、交让木科、五隔草科、五列木科、肉实树科、心翼果科、八宝树科、兰花蕉科和四数木科 ,来说明这种联系。其中 ,狭义的龙脑香科可能起源于冈瓦纳古陆的北部 ,而五列木科和交让木科可能起源于劳亚古陆南部 ,这显示我国热带区系成分 ,由其发生来讲 ,是不同的。 ( 2 )与地中海地区区系的联系。这种联系主要反映于第 12类型 (地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 )、第 10 - 1类型(地中海、南亚或中亚和东亚间断分布 )和第 10 - 2类型 (地中海区和喜马拉雅间断分布 ) ,它们各有不同的历史背景。隶属于 10 - 1类型的马甲子属、假繁缕属和雪柳属是联系我国东部森林区 ,它们是第三纪常绿林的孑遗植物。刺参科Morinaceae可作为联系我国西南高原植物区系之例 ,该科可能是提特斯海退却和青藏高原抬升的产物。隶属于第 12类型的裸果木属、熏倒牛属、琵琶柴属和锁阳属是联系我国西部干旱地区之例 。

OnthebasisofWu sclassificationofdistributiontypesoftheChineseseedplants ,inwhich 32 38Chineseseedplantgeneraareclassifiedinto 15typesad 34subtypes ,thispaperdiscussesbrieflythe affinitiesbetweentheChinesefloraandthoseofotherregionsoftheworldaswellastheroleoftheChinese floraintheoriginofangiosperms .Themainconclusionsaresummarizedasfollows : ( 1)TheaffinitywiththefloraoftropicalAsianregion Thisaffinityismainlyreflectedbytheseventhtype (i e thetropicalAsiandistribution)anditsfive subtypesinWu sclassification .Tenfamilies ,includingtheDipterocarpaceae ,Crypteroniaceaes s , Daphniphyllaceae ,Pentaphragmataceae ,Pentaphyllacaceae ,Sarcospermataceae ,Cardiopteridaceae ,Du abangaceae ,LowiaceaeandTetramelaceae ,areenumeratedasexamplestodemonstratethisaffinity .A mongthem ,theDipterocarpaceaes s mighthaveoriginatedinthenorthernpartofGondwanawhilethe PentaphyllaceaeadDaphniphyllaceaeinthesouthernpartofLaurasia ,indicatingthatthetropicalelements oftheChinesefloramightbeofdifferentorigins. ( 2 )TheaffinitywiththefloraoftheMediterraneanregion Thisaffinityismainlyreflectedbythetwelfthtype (i e theMediterranean ,westAsianandcentral Asiandistribution)andtwosubtypesunderthetenthtype ,the 10 - 1subtype (theMediterranean ,west Asian (orcentralAsian)andeastAsiandisjunction)andthe 10 - 2subtype (theMediterraneanandHi malayandisjunction) .Thesetieshavedifferenthistoricalbackground .Threegenera ,Paliurus,Theligon umandFontanesia ,allbelongingtothe 10 - 1subtype ,mightbecitedasexampleswhichindicatetheties betweenthefloraoftheMediterraneanregionandthatoftheeasternforestregionofChina .Theseplantsare relictsoftheTertiaryevergreenforest.TheMorinaceae ,tomentionasanexample ,reflectthetiesbetween thefloraoftheMediteraneanregionandthatofthesouthwestplateauregionofChina .Thisfamilymightbe producedaftertheretreatoftheTethysandtheriseoftheQinghai-Xizang (Tibet)Plateau .Thetiesbe tweenthefloraoftheMediterraneanregionandthatofthewesternxericregionofChina ,whichmightbees tablishedwiththedryingoftheenvironmentcausedbytheretreatoftheThethys ,arereflectedbythetwelfth type .Fourgenera ,Gymnocarpus ,Biebersteinia ,ReaumuriaandCynomonium ,aretakenhereasexam plesofthistype . ( 3)TheaffinitywiththefloraofcentralAsianregion Thisaffinityismainlyreflectedbythethirteenthtype (i e thecentralAsiandistribution)anditsfive subtypes .Fifteengenera ,includingLachnoloma ,Tauscheria ,Microstigma ,HediniaandOrychophrag musintheBrassicaceae ,Krasnovia ,Seselopsis ,SoranthusandTalassiaintheApiaceae ,Borsczowia , Iljinia ,SympegmaandMicrogynoeciumintheChenopodiaceae ,OrinusandPsammochloainthePoaceae , aretakenasexamplestoclarifythisaffinity .Alltheseplantsmightbeconsideredaselementsproducedasa resultoftheretreatoftheTethysandoftheirsubsequentadaptativeradiationtothreekindsofecological niches ,i e xerichabitat (desert,gobiandsanddune) ,alkaliflatandhigh -altituderegion . ( 4)TheafinitywiththefloraoftheEuropeanregion (exludingtheMediterraneaenregion) Thisaffinityisreflectedbythetenthtype (i e OldWorldtemperatedistribution)andtheeighthtype (northtemperatedistribution)aswell.Twogenera ,ParisandHippophae ,aretakenasexamplestoex poundthisaffinity .IfconsideringthecloserelationshipbetweenParisandTrillium ,agenusdisjunctin EastAsiaandNorthAmerica ,andthatbetweenHippophaeandtheNorthAmericanendemicgenusSpher dia ,wemayreadilyfindtheprofoundhistoricalbackgroundofawidelydistributednorthtemperateflorabe hindthisaffinity .Inotherwords,itisregardedthatthetenthtypemightbederivedfromtheeighthtype . ( 5 )TheaffinitywiththefloraofAustralasia Thisaffinityismainlyexhibitedbythefifthtype (i e thetropicalAsianandtropicalAustralasiandis tribution) ,thefourthtype (OldWorldtropicaldistribution)andtheirsubtypes .TheNypaceae ,Sonnera tiaceae ,Myoporaceae ,Centrolepidaceae ,Stylidiaceae ,Orchidaceaesubfam .ApostasioideaeandXantho phyllaceaeareenumeratedtoshowthisaffinity .TheNypaceaeandSonneratiaceaearemangroveplants ,and theMyoporaceae ,CentrolepidaceaeandStylidiaceaearemainlyconcentratedinAustralasia ,whilethedis tributioncenterofbothOrchidaceaesub