四种旱生藓类植物的比较结构学观察

A Comparison of Structures among Four Xerophic Mosses

对新疆产的 4种藓类植物茎、叶的表面及内部结构进行了观察 ,结果表明 :尖叶大帽藓 (EncalyptarhabdocarpaSchwaegr )茎的中部结构类似于种子植物 (单子叶 )根的内皮层 ,其茎表皮也有类似于种子植物表皮毛 (腺毛 )的腺体。在阔叶紫萼藓 (Grimmialaevigata (Brid )Brid )茎的中轴部 ,厚角组织发达 ,数层皮部厚壁组织也很发达。小石藓 (WeisiacontroversaHedw )叶中肋之中有小形厚壁细胞。弯叶墙藓 (TortulareflexaLi)的茎呈多棱形 ,表皮层具很厚的“树皮状”老皮 ,其叶表皮细胞密被马蹄形及叉状粗疣。这些特征反映了该类群植物由低等向高等演化的趋势 ,并可作为分类学依据之一。

The structure and surface of leaves and stems of four mosses in Xinjiang were observed The results indicate that in Encalypta rhabdocarpa Schwaegr. the structure of the stem is similar to the internal cortex of root in monocotyl and there are glands in the epidermis of stem which are similar to the epidermal hairs (glandular hairs) of seed plants. The collenchyma (corner-thickeneded cells) in the central axis of stem and sclerenchyma in cortex of stem have well developed in Grimmia laevigata (Brid ) Brid. There are minitype stereid cells in the costa of leaves in Weisia controversa Hedw. The stem of Tortula reflexa Li is edye-like and there is a thick bark-like epidermis on stem. The surface of leaves are covered with lecotropal and forked papilla. These features show an evolutionary trend from primary species to the advanced ones in mosses. These features are useful to identify some species.