庄子身体审美观与魏晋时期的身体美

Zhuangzi's Body Aesthetics Theory And Beauty in Wei Jin Period

庄子以"通天下一气"的哲学认知为基础,建构了"形美神丑"、"形丑神美"与"形神俱美"的身体审美观。汉末魏晋时期,由于"社会秩序的大解体、旧礼教的总崩溃、思想和信仰的自由",关于身体的政治化、伦理化、宗教化等认知被逐步消解,加之战争、灾荒和疾病等频发所导致的现实死亡的严重威胁,使身体感性得到凸显,从而为身体审美巅峰在魏晋时期的形成奠定了现实基础。魏晋身体审美在以庄子身体审美观为理论资源、将"神人之美"作为身体美最高理想的同时,又在实践中高度重视身体感性自然的审美,实现了对庄子的超越。

Zhuangzi＇ s aesthetics theory which is based on the qi philosophy includes three levels： shape beauty but spirit ugly, shape ugly but spirit beauty, and shape beauty and spirit beauty. The late Han dynasty and Wei and Jin period, political cognition, ethical cognition, and religious cognition, etc, about the body were gradually deconstructed, because the chaos of social order, the collapse of feudal ethical, the freedom of thought and belief. At the same time, war, famine and diseases take place constantly. Under this back- ground, the body sensibility was highlighted. Then,in Wei and Jin period formed the body aesthetics peak in Chinese history. Wei and Jin period＇ s body aesthetics find theory support from Zhuangzi ＇ s aesthetics theory. It considered Zhuangzi＇ s Saint beauty as the most beautiful body. But the difference is Wei and Jin＇ s body aesthetics paid more attention on the body sensibility.