陕西省两县农村寄宿制学生营养干预的效果评价

Effects evaluation of nutrition intervention on rural boarding school students in Shaanxi

【目的】对陕西省两县农村寄宿制学生营养干预进行效果评价,为探索农村学生营养改善的适宜措施提供依据。【方法】在陕西省淳化县和榆林县,各抽取经济状况相似的2个乡镇为干预组、1个乡镇为对照组,每个乡镇选取小学、中学各1所,干预校学生给予一学年的以补充鸡蛋为主的综合营养干预。【结果】干预组、对照组学生能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量差异无统计学意义。干预组蛋白质供能比为12.4%,显著高于对照组(11.8%)。干预组维生素A、钙、钾、锌摄入量显著高于对照组。除了男性7～9岁组和女性12～15岁组,其他年龄组学生的年龄别身高Z评分(HAZ)和年龄别体质指数Z评分(BAZ)在干预组和对照组中差异均无统计学意义。干预组重度、中度低体重率均显著低于对照组。干预组学生血清维生素B12水平为778.5ng/L,显著高于对照组(654.4ng/L)。【结论】营养干预改善了农村寄宿制学校学生的膳食营养素状况,降低了中、重度低体重率,在一定程度上改善了学生血液微量营养素的营养状况。

[Objective] To evaluate the effects of nutrition intervention on rural boarding school students in two counties in Shaanxi province. [Methods] Two intervention towns and one economy-matched control town in Chunhua and Yu- lin county,Shaanxi province were selected, respectively. One middle school and one primary school were further selected in each town. One academic year comprehensive nutrition intervention was implemented in intervention schools. [Results] There were no significant differences of the energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake between the intervention group and the control group. Protein percentage of energy was 12.4 %, significantly higher than that in control group（ 11.8 M ）. Vitamin A,Ca,K and Zn intakes were significantly higher than those in control group. There were no significant differences of the average HAZ and BAZ between the intervention group and the contorl group except boys with 7-9 years old and girls with 12- 15 years old. However, the prevalences of severe and moderate low-weight were significantly lower in the intervention group than those in the control group. Serum vitamin Blz level in the intervention group （778. 5 ng/L） was significantly higher than that in the control group（654.4 ng/L）. [Conclusion] Nutrition intervention can improve the dietary nutrients status,decrease the prevalence of the severe and moderate low-weight, and improve the blood micronutrients levels of the students in rural boarding schools.