印度对西藏地方的贸易管制和禁运与中国的反应和政策(1950—1962)(上)

India's Implement of Trade Control and Embargo on Tibet Region and China's Response,1950 - 1962,Part Ⅰ

印度在1950年至1962年期间,两次对中国西藏地方实施贸易管制和禁运;虽然两次禁运的背景不同,但印度政策所具有的战略性是明确和一致的,即利用西藏同印度传统贸易的特点,特别是西藏在粮食和其他生活必需品的供应上对印度的依赖,迫使中国在有关中印关系的重大问题上作出让步。尼赫鲁及其政府总是在中印关系出现重大事件或面临重大危机时,采取贸易管制和禁运政策,充分体现了这一时期印度对华政策的实质。中国对这两次贸易管制和禁运的反应及政策是截然不同的,对印度第一次禁运的反应和政策相当温和,而对印度第二次禁运则采取了坚决的反击措施。中国对印度禁运的不同反应和政策,说明了冷战背景下中印关系的特点,特别是中国外交战略的显著变化,同时也说明了中印"不对等"的政治及经济关系的演变。

India imposed trade control and embargoes on China＇ s Tibet Region twice between 1950 and 1962. Although the different origins of its policies, the goal of India＇ s implementation of such embargo revealed the clear and cohesive essence of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru＇ s China policy. As long as the Sino-Indian relations encountered the great questions and/or crises, Nehru and his government always exploited the Tibet＇ s dependence on the supplies of food and other life necessities which had to be exported from India. By all these measures, Nehru attempted to secure concessions from Beijing on the major issues of Tibet and the border dis- pute. China reacted totally different to India＇ s embargoes retrospectively. In contrast with its moderate response to the first trade control and embargo, China took strong policies to counter India＇ s total embargo against Tibet af- ter 1959 rebellion. The changes in China＇ s reactions not only illustrate the features of Sino-Indian relationship and the dramatic shifts in Beijing＇ s diplomatic strategy, but explain the development of the asymmetrical political and economic relations between China and India in this period.