国家安全与华侨利益的双重考量——论新中国对东南亚华侨政策的演变(1949—1960)

On the evolution of China's policy toward overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia,1949—1960

国家安全是国家利益最重要的组成部分。在东西方冷战的特殊情势下,中国对国家安全的追求,不可避免地与中国对东南亚华侨政策的制定交织在一起,从而形成极其复杂的局面。如何在保证国家安全的同时,又切实维护华侨利益?这需要非凡的政治智慧,也考验着共和国领导人。从默许华侨参与当地革命,突出政治,到要求他们恪守侨民身份,低调行事,再到1954年后希望他们转变为当地居民,中国的东南亚华侨政策经历了显著的演变过程。其间对国家安全与华侨利益的双重考量,始终是中共制定与执行东南亚华侨政策的原动力。虽然诸多结构性因素使中国在华侨问题上可以作为的空间备受限制,但其政策制定与执行仍不失灵活性。

National security is the most important part of national interests. Under the special situation of East-West Cold War, China＇ s pursuit of national security intertwined inevitably with the formulation and practices of PRC＇ s overseas Chinese policy in Southeast Asia, and formed an extremely complex situation. How to ensure na- tional security as well as safeguard the interests of overseas Chinese, you need extraordinary political wisdom, and indeed it is a test to the leaders of the Republic. From acquiescing in overseas Chinese participating in local revo- lution, highlighting the political awareness, to requiring them abide by the expatriate status, keeping a low pro- file, and after 1954 hoping them convert to local residents, the PRC＇ s policy of overseas Chinese in Southeast A-sia has undergone a remarkable evolution. Dual considerations for national security and the interests of overseas Chinese has always been the driving force behind CPC＇ s overseas Chinese policy. Even though many structural factors imposed much resctrictions on the policy formulation and implementation, Chinese government handled it without losing flexibility.