长沙市中学生睡眠质量及影响因素分析

Sleep quality and its influence factors among middle school students in Changsha city

目的了解湖南省长沙市中学生睡眠质量及其影响因素,为采取有效措施改善中学生睡眠质量提供参考。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,对长沙市2 216名中学生进行自制问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、青少年生活事件量表和自尊量表测评。结果长沙市中学生PSQI总分为(4.90±2.548)分,睡眠问题检出率为14.4%,其中农村中学生和高中学生睡眠问题分别高于城镇中学生和初中学生(P<0.01),PSQI总分与年龄、家庭暴力情况、负性生活事件和自尊评分呈正相关(r=0.051～0.316,P<0.05),与家庭经济情况、家庭关系情况和父母严格情况呈负相关(r=-0.202～-0.071,P<0.01);睡眠质量的影响因素包括生活事件总刺激量(β=0.260)、初高中(β=0.166)、家庭关系情况(β=-0.128)、自尊评分(β=0.112)、父母严格情况(β=-0.081)、家庭经济情况(β=0.081)。结论中学生睡眠质量与多种因素有关,应及时采取积极有效措施,促进中学生身心健康。

Objective To study sleep quality and its related factors among middle school students in Changsha city,and to provide evidence for improving sleeping status of the students.Methods Totally 2 216 middle school students in Changsha city were selected with cluster sampling and surveyed with questionnaires including a self-designed general questionnaire,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）,Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List（ASLEC） and Self-Esteem Scale（SES）.Results The overall prevalence of sleep problems was 14.4% in the students and the mean score of PSQI was 4.90±2.55.The sleep problems of the rural students and the senior high school students were worse than those in the urban students and the junior school students（P〈0.01）.The total score of PSQI was positively correlated with age,family violence,negative life event,and the score of self-esteem（r=0.051-0.316,P0.05） and inversely correlated with familial economic status,family relationship and strict parents（r=-0.202-0.071,P〈0.01）.The factors influencing the quality of sleep in the students included negative life events（β=0.260）,junior or senior student（β=0.166）,family relationship（β=-0.128）,the score of self-esteem（β=0.112）,strict parents（β=-0.081）,and familial economic status（β=0.081）.Conclusion Sleep quality of middle school students is related to multiple factors and effective measures should be taken to promote physical and mental health of middle school students.