上海市中老年人步行现状及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of walking among middle-aged and elderly people in Shanghai,China

目的了解上海市中老年人步行现状及其影响因素,为科学指导中老年人群健康步行提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取上海市卢湾区社区、杨浦区社区、闵行区社区80个居委会900名≥46周岁非社区体育健身专业队员的社区居民进行问卷调查,并利用计步器收集其7 d内体力活动数据。结果上海市中老年人全程总步数为(9 342.423±3 684.230)步,全程有效步数为(2 274.726±2 534.046)步;仅38.9%的中老年人每日可以达到卫生部"日行一万步"的推荐量;通过最优尺度回归模型显示,文化程度、社区类型、身体状况自我评价、体质指数和参加体育锻炼情况是上海市中老年人全程总步数的主要影响因素,年龄和参加体育锻炼情况是上海市中老年人全程有效步数的主要影响因素。结论上海市中老年人步行行为受社会人口学特征、健康情况及日常行为习惯等多种因素影响。

Objective To explore the situation of walking and its related factors among middle-age and elder community residents and to provide reference for promotion of walking for health.Methods Data on wakling status during 7 days were collected with pedometer among 900 common residents ≥46 years old selected with multi-stage random cluster sampling from 80 neighborhood committees of 3 communities.T-test,analysis of variance（ANOVA）,and optimal scaling regression model were used in data analyses.Results The results of optimal scaling regression showed that gender（P=0.049）,age（P=0.031,education（P=0.001）,community type（P0.001）,self-report health（P=0.011）,body mass index（BMI）（P=0.040）,and exercise time（P=0.034）were significant influencing factors for 7 days＇ total walking steps in the residents.The average total walking steps among the residents was 9 342.423（±3 687.230）,with an average total effiecient steps of 2 274.726（±2 534.046）.Only 38.9% of the residents walked 10 thousands steps per day recommended by the Ministry of Health.Conclusion Some social demographic characteristics,health condition,and daily living behavior influence walking status among middle-aged and elderly people in Shanghai city.