浙江省台风灾害应对健康教育效果评价

Effect of health education on coping with typhoon hazard among residents in Zhejiang province

目的了解居民应对台风灾害事件的健康教育知识、技能掌握情况及其影响因素,评价居民应对台风灾害健康教育效果。方法于2010年8月—2012年8月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取浙江省苍南县、松阳县、温岭市及湖州市南浔区4个地区2 400人进行问卷调查及为期2年的台风应对健康教育干预工作并对干预效果进行评价。结果浙江省居民基本掌握台风相关知识与技能的比例由干预前的74.13%(1 768/2 385)上升到干预后的79.37%(1 904/2 399);健康教育干预前后,居民应对台风来临前所采取的5项技能中有3项明显提高(P<0.05),居民应对台风来袭时所采取的6项措施中有4项明显提高(P<0.05);干预前,居民获得台风健康教育知识的主要途径依次为"电视"(84.9%)、"报纸"(58.2%)、"宣传画、传单"(45.9%);干预后,主要途径依次为"电视"(89.4%)、"报纸"(57.8%)、"互联网"(44.2%);多因素分析结果显示,文化程度、家庭平均月收入、是否经历过台风是浙江省居民应对台风相关知识与技能掌握的主要影响因素。结论对居民进行台风应对的健康教育可以有效提高其应对台风的技能。

Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of knowledge and skills about coping with typhoon hazard and to evaluate the effect of health education on coping with typhoon hazard among community residents.Methods With multi-stage cluster random sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 15-69 years before and after a health education.Results The percentage of awareness of knowledge about typhoon increased from 74.13% to 79.37% after the education.The residents with high education level,high household income,and experience of typhoon were more likely to have typhoon related knowledge and coping skill easily.Among 5 variables for knowledge about preparing against a typhoon,3 variables were improved significantly after the education（P〈0.05）.Among 6 variables for knowledge about measures against hazard during a typhoon process,4 variables were improved significantly after the education（P〈0.05）.Before the education,three major route for getting information on coping typhoon were television（84.9%）,newspapers or magazines（58.2%）,and posters/promotion materials（45.9%）,while after the education,the three major routes were television（89.4%）,newspapers or magazines（57.8%）,and internet（44.2%）.Conclusion The health education on coping typhoon hazard can effectively improve the skill against the hazard among community residents.