城市出租客运行业特性与政府规制分析

Analysis on Characteristics and Government Regulation of Taxi Industry

针对当前出租客运行业存在的群体性事件多发、打车难、经营行为不规范等问题,重点研究如何构建完善的政府规制体系。为阐述出租客运行业结构和市场特征,更加真实地揭示行业运行规律,对出租客运的服务对象进行了分类,并结合对政府规制的理论研究和规制效果的经验式观察,论证了不同的规制策略在出租客运行业的效果、效率和成本。在对出租客运行业管理中,数量、价格、服务和行为是政府规制的4个关键环节。对此4方面的规制原则、类型、手段和范围进行深入的探讨与评析,有助于构建完善合理的出租汽车规制体系。研究结果表明,信息和规则等因素决定了巡游式出租客运市场不具备完全竞争条件,在诸方面进行适度的规制是出租客运行业的合理选择。

In connection with the current issues of mass disturbance, difficulty of taking taxi and illegal operations, etc. in urban taxi industry, the problem that how to build a sound government regulation system is discussed. To illustrate the structure and market characteristics of urban taxi industry and to reveal the operation rules of this industry, the service objects is classified. Combining with the theoretical study on government regulations and the empirical observation of regulatory effect, The effectivenesses, efficiencies and costs of different regulatory policies in taxi industry are demonstrated. For management of urban taxi industry, there are four key aspects of government regulation, namely, quantity, price, service and activity. An in-depth discussion and analysis on principle, type, method and scope of those four key aspects are carried out, which helps to establish a reasonable taxi regulatory system. The research result shows that both information and system factors determined that the cruising taxi market does not have the conditions of perfect competition, and the moderate regulation in different aspects is the reasonable choice for urban taxi industry.