奶牛跗关节的关节内窥镜径路及滑膜形态

Arthroscopic Portals and Synovial Membrane of Tarsus in Cows

应用关节内窥镜对奶牛跗关节的进镜部位和滑膜形态进行了研究。结果表明 ,跗关节可选 3个进镜部位 :背内侧囊在关节前方较突出部位 ,靠近趾内侧伸肌健 ,向外为跖背侧静脉和腓浅神经 ;跖内侧囊和跖外侧囊一般选在最突出的部位 ,跖外侧囊尽量靠前以避开足底外侧静脉 ,跖内侧囊不要靠后以防伤及深屈肌腱。关节不同部位的滑膜绒毛也不同 ,关节囊小且突起小的部位 ,关节滑膜绒毛一般呈短柱状或丝状 ;关节囊大的部位 ,一般呈菜花状或膜状 ,也有长丝状绒毛。在背内侧囊见有从未报道的拱桥状绒毛。

The arthroscopic portals and synovial membrane of tarsus in cows were studied by using arthroscopy. There were three portals to approach the tarsus. Dorsalmedial pouch was in front of the joint, medial to a head of long digital extensor muscle, lateral to superficial peroneal nerve and cranial branch of lateral saphenous vein. Arthroscopic portals in plantaromedial pouch and plantarolateral pouch were in the protruding part of the joint. The villi in the synovial membrane were different in particular part of the joint. There were short and condense villi in the lateral and medial pouches. There were cauliflower like and membrane like in the dorsalmedial pouch. There was some silk like to be observed occasionlly. We found the archbridge villi that was never reported before. There were no villi near the joint cartilage and on the inside of the joint ligaments.