试论“何必呢”的标记化——兼论非句法结构“何必”的词汇化

The Marked Development of “Hebine(何必呢)”:The Lexical-ization Development of Non-Syntactic Structure of “Hebi(何必)”

表评注功能的语气副词"何必"由疑问词"何"与情态动词"必"构成的非句法结构发展而来。非句法结构"何必"常出现在反问语境中,由于语境吸收,表示"不必"之义,逐渐演变为一个语气副词。成词后的"何必"与其后"呢"连用形成话语标记"何必呢",语用强调是"何必呢"标记化的主要动因,语境吸收和语用推理是"何必呢"标记化的主要机制。话语标记"何必呢"在言语交际中具有语篇组织、隐性否定和人际互动等语用功能。

Commentary adverb ＂hebi （何必）＂ is developed from the non-syntactic structure between ＂he（何）＂ and ＂bi （必）＂. The non-syntactic structure ＂hebi＂ commonly used in the rhetorical context started to express the meaning of ＂bubi（不必）＂, thus ＂hebi＂ finally became an adverb. Discourse marker ＂hebine＂ is composed of adverb ＂hebi＂ and ＂ne（呢）＂. We hold that pragmatic emphasis is the main motivation of the formation of ＂hebi＂ and that context absorption and pragmatic inference are the main mechanisms of the formation. Discourse marker ＂hebine＂ has several functions in discourse communication, discourse organization, implicit negation, interpersonal interaction and so on.