客家话覃谈有别的存古层次

Chongyun “Tan(覃)” and “Tan(谈)” Contrasts in Modern Hakka

根据最新调查与文献考证,中古覃谈重韵的区别在许多客家方言点是确实存在的,前人相关断言有误,有必要作出修正。客家话覃谈相别,反映在口语层次,是覃韵存古而非像闽南话的"谈韵在变化之后与覃韵互相区别"。客家话在口语词汇里不仅明确无误地保留了覃谈之别,而且在声母条件上也见于见系,不像吴语、赣语那样仅局限于端系。

Basing on the recent investigation and the latest etymological and historical documents studies, this paper tries to reveal that the contrast of the Chongyun-rhymes with common features but under different headings-of ＂Tan（覃）＂ and ＂Tan（谈）＂ still can be distinguished in modern Hakka dialects like Longchuan, Meixian and Wuhua in Guangdong province as well as some other Hakka dialects in Southern Jiangxi and Western Fujian, thus the previous conclusion drawn by some scholars that these two rhymes have merged into one in Hakka might need to be revised. The strata of differentiating ＂Tan（覃）＂ and ＂Tan（谈）＂can be found in Hakka dialects. Hakka dialects retain the ＂Tan （覃）＂ forms conservatively as [em] in these colloquial words while ＂Tan（谈）＂in Southern Min, on the other hand, has undergone alveolar nasalization. Unlike the Wu and Gan dialects, Hakka dialects maintain these two distinct rhymes preceded not only by the initials of alveolar but also by velar ones.