人卵丘细胞与卵子发育潜能关系的研究进展

Research Progress of the Relationship between Human Cumulus Cells and Oocyte Developmental Potential

人卵丘细胞与卵母细胞之间存在密切联系,前者可以直接影响后者的发育、成熟以及所形成胚胎的质量。在辅助生殖技术中,通过对卵丘细胞的研究,可以为胚胎选择提供更加客观、准确且无创的方法,提高妊娠率,推动选择性单胚胎移植的发展,减少高序多胎妊娠及其所带来的不良妊娠结局。目前,从基因及转录水平探讨卵丘细胞与卵子质量的关系已成为研究热点。研究表明,卵丘细胞中卵母细胞发育相关基因表达上调能够预测优质胚胎;细胞周期检测点及DNA修复相关基因与卵子质量有关;细胞凋亡、葡萄糖生成、抗氧化应激相关基因及核转录因子I/B是预测卵子发育潜能和妊娠结局的生物学指标。

There is a close relationship between human cumulus granulosa cells and oocytes, because the former could influence the development and maturation of oocytes and therefore the embryos quality. In assisted reproductive technology, study on cumulus granulosa cells may offer us more objective, accurate and noninvasive criteria for embryo selection so that the pregnancy rates can be increased and the elective single embryo transfer protocol can be promoted. On the other hand, the high order multiple pregnancy rates and the poor outcomes can be also decreased considerably. Nowadays,it is a hot area to explore the relationship between cumulus cells and oocyte developmental potential at the genetic and transcriptional levels. It was reported that the up-regulation of oogenesis-related genes in cumulus cells can predict good quality embryos. Checkpoints and DNA repair-related genes are associated with oocyte quality. Cell apoptosis, glucogenesis, antioxidative stressrelated genes and transcription factor NFIB are the biological parameters to predict the oocyte developmental potential and pregnancy outcome.