华北平原地下水资源功能衰退与可持续利用研究

Research about function decline and sustainable exploitation of groundwater resource in North China Plain

相对20世纪50年代末至本世纪华北平原地下水总开采量由不足100×108m3/a增至211.98×108m3/a,超出地下水可利用资源量192.31×108m3/a。长期超量开采和不合理的开采布局,使地下水水位持续下降、含水层疏干体积不断增加,地下水位降落漏斗持续扩展,致使地下水的资源功能不断衰退,并产生地面沉降、地面塌陷、咸水入侵等环境地质问题。采取农业节水、工业调整开采强度布局、建立应急用水机制、地表水与地下水联合调蓄、本地劣质水资源化等综合举措,修复和涵养华北平原地下水系统势在必行。

The quantity of groundwater exploitation has increased fleetly from less than 100 ×10^8m^3/a to 211.98×10^8m^3/a since 1950s which exceeds the available groundwater reserve about 192.31 ×10^8m^3/a in the North China Plain. Because of long time over-exploitation and irrational exploitation distribution, the groundwater table is descending and the aquifer is shrinking. With the depression cone spreading, the groundwater resource function is declining continuously, land subsidence, ground surface collapse and salt water intrusion occurred. It is imperative to restore and maintain the underground water system in North China Plain by means of developing water saving agriculture, re-arranging of exploitation intensity, establishing emergency water supply system, manually adjusting the storage of surface and groundwater, purifying poor quality water.