从月港到十字门:漳州海商严启盛再研究

From Yuegang to Macao: a Res tudy on Yan Qisheng, a Sea-merchant of Zhangzhou

明代正统朝是福建海商的重要转折期,以前学界曾论及漳州严启盛的重要,但局限于史料,对其纵横于闽粤海域的细节尚不清晰。本文利用尚未被关注的于谦和叶盛的奏疏,对严启盛的相关史事予以补充论述。认为严启盛作为漳州月港海商的先驱,其活动不仅有王朝制度和地域社会的背景,而且与东亚贸易的市场结构和商业惯习有极大关联。他后来于景泰、天顺年间在广东香山、澳门海域建立据点,使其行为成为联系东南亚到东亚贸易网络的关键环节和15世纪亚洲海洋贸易"福建化"的重要内容,间接地为葡萄牙人来到东方打开了通道。

To Fujian maritime, Zhengtong in Ming Dynasty is an important turning point, at which Yan Qisheng, a sea-merchant of Yuegang, traded along the coast from Fujian to Guangdong. Some scholars have mentioned the action of Yan Qisheng, but have not drawn out the details. Basing on collecting historical data from local chronicles and office docu- ments, this paper think of Yan Qisheng as a pioneer of Zhangzhou harbor maritime, his activity connected not only the im- perial system with regional society, but the market structure with business habitus. He established trading footholds near Macao in Jingtai and Tianshun, which was the key links between the Southeast Asia and East Asia in trade networks, and indirectly opened the door to the Portuguese in the 15th century.