宋代韵书中的俗字标识与文字观念研究

On Non-classical Words in Rhyming Book during the Song Dynasty

《广韵》《集韵》和《礼部韵略》是宋代官方颁布的三部韵书,它们均以不同的方式记录了俗字和异体字。但是,由于编纂目的和使用范围不同,这三部韵书对于文字的俗体、异体和正体的界别标准也并不一致。相对于唐代韵书而言,宋代韵书皆为官方修纂,雕版印刷,与科举考试制度密切相关,在韵字编排上比较严格,它强调正字,排斥俗字,俗字一般不出现在正文中,或别出注明,或在正字下注释"俗作某"。这种编排体例对文字的社会规范化具有积极的指导作用,从中可以考察唐宋人文字观念的变化以及汉字简化过程中的一些问题,这在汉字史的研究上具有非常重要的意义。

Guangyun,Ji Yun and Libu Yunlue are three rhyming dictionaries by the official issue of the Song Dynasty, and they record non - classical words and variant forms of Chinese characters in different ways. But as a result of the differences of compilation purpose and using scope, constituency of three books is not consistent standard for non - classical words, variant forms of Chinese characters and standardized Chinese characters. Relative to the rhyming dictionaries of the Tang Dynasty, rhyming dictionaries of the Song Dynasty are the official repair code, engraving printing, and closely related to the imperial examination system. Rhyming dictionaries of the Song Dynasty, which is strict in rhyme word format, emphasized traditional Chinese characters and exclude non - classical words, and non - classical words usually don＇ t appear in the text, which don＇ t make marked, or comment ＂common for some＂ under the traditional Chinese characters. This kind of compiling style has positive guidance role to the word social standardization, as well as to positive significance in the history of Chinese characters, from the concept of the history of non - classical words, combined with the Song Dynasty imperial examination.