颈椎间盘退变动物模型的研究进展

Research Progress of Experimental Animal Model of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

目的:通过对国内外颈椎间盘退变动物模型的文献研究,构建相对符合人颈椎间盘退变的动物模型。方法:查阅国内外有关颈椎间盘退变的动物模型文献,综合比较分析各种造模方法的优缺点,寻找出能相对与人类长时间不同原因导致颈椎间盘退变相仿的的动物模型。结果:以实验诱导的颈椎间盘退变主要是通过不同应力作用、手术直接破坏椎间盘结构、化学物质作用等来引起退变。在实验研究过程中,目前的造模以小动物为主,以便于实际过程中的操作,大型哺乳动物虽然与人的生物力学接近,但应用相对较局限。对颈椎间盘退变动物模型的生物力学、分子生物及基因水平的研究,有助于进一步了解椎间盘源性颈痛发病病因、作用机制,为早期颈椎疾病的发生转归提供有效的实验载体,为延缓颈椎间盘退变提供重要的途径。结论:国内外对于颈椎间盘退变的动物模型较多,基本局限于小动物,不能完全模拟人颈椎间盘退变,但其在动物模型研究中得出的结果对颈椎间盘退行性疾病的防治仍具有重大意义。

Objective：To build the animal model relatively in accordance with cervical intervertebral disc degeneration of human,through the literature research of animal model of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration both at home and abroad.Methods：Consulted the literatures of animal model of cervical disc degeneration at home and abroad,comprehensive compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various molding methods,and found out the animal model relatively in accordance with human of long time and different causes of cervical disc degeneration.Results：Cervical intervertebral disc degeneration induced by experiment was aroused degeneration mainly through the different stress action,direct destruction of intervertebral disc structure by operation,chemical substance effect and so on.The animal itself causes resulted in the spontaneity of intervertebral disc degeneration.In the process of experimental research,the molding current was mainly with small animals,so that facilitated the operation in the actual process,although biomechanics of large mammals were close to human,the application is relatively limited.Researches on biomechanics,molecular biology and genetic level of animal model of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration helped to further understand the cause and mechanism of action of neck pain caused by intervertebral disc,which provided effective experimental carrier for the occurrence and transformation of early cervical vertebra disease,and important way for delaying the degeneration of cervical intervertebral disc.Conclusion：The animal model of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration basic limits to small animals at home and abroad,which can′t completely simulate human cervical intervertebral disc degeneration,but the results gained from the study of animal model still have great significance for the prevention and treatment of cervical intervertebral disc degenerative disease.