覆麦秸对盐碱地小麦生长及产量的效应

EFFECT OF COVERING WHEAT STRAW ON THE GROWTH AND GRAIN YIELD OF WHEAT

地表覆麦秸和深埋麦秸能明显提高耐盐小麦德抗 96 1的出苗率和冬前分蘖数 ,并使其单株鲜重、株高、公顷穗数、穗粒数、旗叶面积、旗叶鲜重、旗叶干重、旗叶净光合速率显著增加 ,Na+ /K+ 比降低 ,最终使小麦产量显著增加 .地麦覆麦秸和深埋麦秸使耐盐小麦品种德抗 96 1的产量构成因素明显大于对照 ,使前两者的每公顷产量分别达44 2 2 45kg、376 9 95kg ,而对照的只有 2 85 0kg.因此 ,选择耐盐品种 ,地表覆麦秸或播种前将麦秸均匀翻入地下是盐碱地小麦丰产的重要技术 .

Both the emergence rates,the tiller number and the fresh weight per plant,height per plant,panicle per hectare,grains per panicle and area,fresh weight,dry weight,and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of a salt tolerant wheat variety(DK 961)were increased markedly by covering wheat straw on the ground or burying it deeply under the ground before winter,but sodium/potassium ratio of the flag leaves was decreased,so the grain yield of salt tolerant wheat DK961 was raised significantly.The yield related factors of wheat DK 961 covering wheat straw on the ground or burying it deeply under the ground were much higher than those of the control.The yields of the wheat DK 961 covering wheat straw on the ground and burying it deeply under the ground were about 4 422.45 and 3 769.95 kg per hectare respectively,but that of the control only 2 850 kg. Conclusively,selecting salt tolerant varieties and covering wheat straw on the ground or burying it deeply under the ground is one of the important strategies in raising wheat grain yield on saline soils.