生物有机肥对防治山药根茎腐病和促进山药生长的研究

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Controlling Root and Stem Rot and Promoting Growth of Yam

为了探讨生物有机肥(BOF)对山药根茎腐病的防治效果和促生效果,在山药根茎腐病重发地块进行了田间小区试验。结果表明:施用生物有机肥的处理T1(CK+450 kg/hm2BOF)、T2(CK+750 kg/hm2BOF)和T3(CK+1050kg/hm2BOF)与CK相比,山药根茎腐病病斑的长度分别减小了65.1%、77.2%、78.0%,病斑所占的比例分别下降了67.6%、80.0%、81.7%,对山药根茎腐病有很好的防治效果;山药块茎的鲜重分别增加了15.2%、32.0%、37.1%,块茎长度分别增加了6.0%、11.3%、19.5%,块茎茎粗分别增加了10.9%、23.6%、50.9%,山药产量提高了15.3%、32.2%、37.3%;T1、T2和T3与CK相比,细菌的数量分别增加1.04、1.31、1.41倍、放线菌的数量分别增加1.09、1.18、1.71倍,真菌的数量分别减少了21.9%、46.9%、50.0%,从而改善土壤微生态环境。施用生物有机肥不仅可以明显减少山药根茎腐病的发生,同时对山药有较强的促生效果,具有广阔的应用前景。

Root and stem rot of yam is a main soil-borne disease which severely inhibits the development of yam production industry in China. A field plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the suppression on root and stem rot of yam and plant growth. The results indicated that bio-organic fertilizer could control root and stem rot of yam by reducing the length and the percentage of disease spot. The length of the disease spot of yam tuber in the treatments T1 （CK＋450 kg/hm2 BOF）, T2 （CK＋750 kg/hm2 BOF） and T3 （CK＋1050 kg/hm2 BOF） were reduced by 65.1%, 77.2% and 78.0%, the percentage of disease spot were reduced by 67.6%, 80.0% and 81.7% respectively compared with CK. Bio-organic fertilizer could promote the growth of yam, compared with CK the fresh weight of yam tuber in the treatments T1, T2 and T3 were increased by 15.2%, 32.0% and 37.1%, the length of yam tuber were increased by 6.0%, 11.3% and 19.5%, the diameter of yam tuber were increased by 10.9%, 23.6% and 50.9%, the yield of yam were also raised by 15.3%, 32.2% and 37.3% respectively. Soil microbial environment was improved, the amounts of soil bacteria and actinomyces in the treatments of T1, T2 and T3 were increased evidently by 1.04, 1.31, 1.41 times and 1.09, 1.18, 1.71 times, while that of soil fungi was decreased by 21.9%, 46.9% and 50.0% respectively compared with CK. Bio-organic fertilizer has wide application prospects on yam because of its disease-control and growth-promotion.